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During cardiac arrest, there is no blood flow. Chest compressions create a small amount of blood flow to the vital organs such as the brain and heart - the more effective the chest compressions, the more blood flow is produced. Chest compressions that are too shallow or too slow or chest compressions that are interrupted frequently do not deliver as much blood flow to the brain and heart as effective chest compressions. Every time chest compressions are restarted following an interruption, the first few compressions are not as effective as later compressions. Frequent or prolonged interruptions in chest compressions decrease blood flow and the victim's chance of survival.
Sacramento CPR may not save the victim even when performed properly, but if started within 4 minutes of cardiac arrest and defibrillation is provided within 10 minutes, a person has a 40% chance of survival. Sacramento CPR provides a trickle of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart and keeps these organs alive. In other words, Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) serves as an artificial heartbeat and an artificial respirator until defibrillation can shock the heart into a normal rhythm or emergency equipment arrives.
Clear the airway Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface. Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders. Open the person's airway using the head tilt-chin lift. Put your palm on the person's forehead and gently push down. Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to open the airway. Check for normal breathing, taking no more than 10 seconds: Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, and feel for the person's breath on your cheek and ear. Do not consider gasping to be normal breathing. If the person isn't breathing normally or you aren't sure, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing.
Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can't be opened. With the airway open (using the head tilt-chin lift), pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath — lasting one second — and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath. If the chest doesn't rise, repeat the head tilt-chin lift and then give the second breath. Begin chest compressions.
Check if the victim's heart is beating. In order to do that, find carotid artery. It is located in the depression between the windpipe and the neck muscles. Place two fingertips on it and apply slight pressure for several seconds. If no circulation is detected, begin chest compressions. Compressions
After 30 compressions, tilt the head back and lift the chin up to open the airway. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Pinch the nose shut and breathe into the mouth for one second. If the chest rises, give a second rescue breath. If the chest doesn’t rise, repeat the head tilt-chin lift and then give the second rescue breath. That's one cycle. If someone else is available, ask that person to give two breaths after you do 30 compressions. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands. Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push with 2 hands straight down on the chest 2 inches deep. Push hard and push fast — give two compressions per second, or about 100 compressions per minute.
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You can learn CPR and First Aid quickly and easily with our interactive online class. Our course presented by certified instructors includes video demonstrations of Adult, Child and Infant CPR. Our online training course offers high quality instruction for people who prefer not to spend 4-9 hours in a classroom. All instructions in this free program follows the same guidelines as the American Red Cross and The American Heart Association designed to provide students with the basic skills of CPR and First Aid. A quick test will go over everything you learned in this class..
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According to the AHA. guidelines, Infant CPR is administered to any child under the age of 12 months. Send someone to call 911. Do not leave the child alone to call 911 until you have given about 1-2 minute of CPR. Infants have a much better chance of survival if CPR is performed immediately. AIRWAY: Clear the airway Place the baby on his or her back on firm, flat surface, such as a table. The floor or ground also will do. Gently tip the head back by lifting the chin with one hand and pushing down on the forehead with the other hand. In no more than 10 seconds, put your ear near the baby's mouth and check for breathing: Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, and feel for breath on your cheek and ear. If the infant isn't breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing immediately.
By the American Heart Association guidelines Child CPR is administered to victim under the age of 8. Children have a much better chance of survival if CPR is performed immediately. The most common reasons that children stop breathing and their heart stops beating are the following:
Check for responsiveness. Shake or tap the child gently. See if the child moves or makes a noise. Shout, "Are you OK?" If there is no response, shout for help. Send someone to call 911. Do not leave the child alone to call 911 until you have given about 1-2 minutes of CPR.
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9 Mar 2010
William Murray, a Sacramento accountant who stole more than $13 million from 52 clients between 2001 and 2009, pleaded guilty today in federal court to mail fraud and interference with tax administration.
U. S. District Judge Edward J. Garcia ordered Murray to immediately be taken into custody by deputy U. S. marshals. The judge set sentencing for May 28.
Murray, 55, told clients to write checks to accounts under his control so he could pay taxes or make investments on their behalf. Much of the money went to support his extravagant lifestyle, including the purchase of real property, a classic car, a fleet of limousines, expensive jewelry and rugs, and fine wines.
He changed his clients' addresses to his own so they would not receive the IRS' delinquent tax notices.
As demands for payment arrived from clients and the IRS, Murray's fraud became a Ponzi scheme that he perpetuated by using more than $3.5 million in recent client receipts to pay off demands stemming from earlier theft.
Before the house of cards collapsed, Murray was a man of some prominence. He was a certified public accountant with a solid client base.
He regularly offered tax advice on a local television channel. He was used as an expert witness in courts in five counties.
He served as a federal tax agent between 1976 and 1980, when he moved to Sacramento to join a former IRS colleague in private practice.
Murray's plea agreement calls for the forfeiture of all his remaining assets to the government, victim restitution, and full disclosure of his finances to the victims.
9 Mar 2010
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Matthew Zugsberger, with his lawyer Grant Pegg, was convicted today of felony transportation of marijuana for attempting to take three pounds of pot onto a Sacramento flight to New Orleans in December, 2008. The former deep sea diver says he has used marijuana to treat his pain since crushing vertebrae in an oil platform accident.
Matthew Zugsberger, an injured former oil rig worker and medical marijuana user, was convicted today of felony transportation of marijuana for attempting to take three pounds of pot onto a Sacramento flight to New Orleans in December, 2008.
Zugsberger, 34, who had a Mendocino County physician's recommendation for five pounds of pot, was considered a test case for how much marijuana a patient may possess for reasonable personal use.
Last month, the California Supreme Court threw out California limits on the amount of plants or dried marijuana medical users can have at any time.
The Supreme Court ruled that the Legislature improperly amended the Proposition 215 medical marijuana law without the consent of voters. Yet the decision still allowed authorities to arrest medical cannabis patients suspected of possessing pot for sale or exceeding state or local possession guidelines.
After intense deliberations that lasted twice as long as his trial, a jury acquitted Zugsberger of a felony count of possession for sale. But it convicted him of felony transportation as well as misdemeanor possession.
Zugsberger, who could receive four years in prison on the felony count, was immediately taken into custody in the courtroom.
Sacramento Superior Court Judge Roland Candee set his sentencing for April 8.
9 Mar 2010
Sacramento police cited two Hiram Johnson High School students Monday after they made hoax calls to 911 that a teacher on campus was going to get shot, according to authorities.
The first call came in about 9 a.m., said Sgt. Norm Leong. The students made several threats, using the same cell phone, between classes, Leong said.
Police initially suspected the calls to be a hoax, Leong said, but nonetheless took the threats seriously.
School resources officers responded to the campus and quickly traced the calls back to the students, Leong said.
In the meantime, campus officials closed off all but one entry point to the school, asked teachers to close their doors and brought physical education classes inside, the sergeant said.
Officers cited the students for reporting a false emergency, Leong said, and confiscated the cell phone.
9 Mar 2010
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Aaron Norman Dunn faces a trial starting Oct. 5 in two Elk Grove killings and could receive a death penalty. News10
The prosecutor concluded his opening statement in the Aaron Norman Dunn murder trial today with a phone message the defendant purportedly left for his estranged wife that portrayed him yelling "yee-haw" just moments after authorities said he shot and killed the first of his two victims in Elk Grove four years ago.
Sirens and gunshots punctuated the background while Lynrd Skynrd's hard-charging "Whiskey Rock and Roller" and the haunting "Simple Man" blared inside the white Toyota Cressida. It was that vehicle that Deputy District Attorney Scott Triplett said Dunn careened down Laguna Boulevard in his homicidal blast the night of March 25, 2006.
When his spree was over, television cameraman Johnie Ray Johnson, 46, and Xerox salesman Michael John Daly, 45, were shotgunned to death on evenings they spent at popular Elk Grove restaurants, Johnson with his wife and Daly with his wife and two children.
"The evidence in this case, ladies and gentlemen, is compelling," Triplett told the seven-man, five-woman Sacramento Superior Court jury. "There was no question what was done in this case and who did it."
Dunn, 33, is facing the death penalty if he is convicted and jurors return the capital punishment verdict in the penalty phase of his trial in front of Judge Michael W. Sweet.
Assistant Public Defender Amy Rogers conceded that Dunn shot and killed Johnson and Daly, but she said the case will be decided on her client's mental state, which she said was upended by heavy methamphetamine ingestion.
Rogers said she will try to prove that her client is only guilty of second-degree murder.
The defense lawyer said that Dunn had lived a fairly normal working man's life and that he was married and had a child. But Dunn began to unravel when his wife "became involved with two different men she met on the Internet," Rogers said.
According to Rogers, Dunn found it "devastating" when his wife moved out with their daughter, and it was then that he began to use methamphetamine.
"His life spun out of control," Rogers said, with the heavy drug use making him delusional to the point where "he snapped."
Rogers said she will present expert testimony that Dunn "suffered from a methamphetamine-induced psychotic state" and that he had "lost touch with reality."
Triplett said that Dunn tore off on a methamphetamine-laced shooting spree because he was upset over the impending break-up of his marriage. The prosecutor said Dunn's estranged wife, Sara Pack, is scheduled to testify in the case, but he told the jury "it's unlikely you'll like her."
According to Triplett, Pack visited Dunn in the Sacramento County Jail about five months after the shooting and that he told her about "his lack of mental problems, and how they were going to say it was the drugs" that caused him to commit the killings.
In evidence the prosecution likely will use to thwart a possible mental-incapacity defense Dunn's attorneys might use, Triplett said that Dunn also told Pack during their conversation that "I might have been a little over the edge, but I wasn't totally."
Beside the two murder counts, Dunn also is facing eight attempted murder charges, including six separate counts related to three attacks that prosecutors say he launched on Elk Grove police officers Trisha Smith and Janell Bestpitch. It was Smith and Bestpitch who finally stopped Dunn, authorities said, shooting and seriously wounding him after his final assault on them.
Triplett said that Dunn first shot Daly while the victim drove his family onto Laguna Boulevard from the parking lot of the Chili's restaurant at Bruceville Road, where they had just attended a birthday party.
The defendant then drove up on Smith and Bestpitch and shot through the rear window of their patrol car, Triplett said. Then Dunn continued eastbound on Laguna, where he crashed into a truck while leaning out of his car, holding his shotgun with hands and firing at a couple out on a date - blasts that the prosecutor said were caught on the phone message.
After the crash, Dunn got out of his car while gunshots and sirens were recorded on his phone, to the background music of Lynrd Skynrd, Triplett said. Then the defendant walked through the parking lot of a McDonald's fast-food restaurant at Laguna Boulevards at Laguna Springs Drive and circled back through the Mandango's parking lot where he came across Johnson and his wife, according to the prosecutor.
Triplett said the attack on Johnson was captured on a surveillance video.
"You will see the defendant walk into view, and you'll see what happens," Triplett told the jury. "The last words (Johnson's wife) heard from her husband were, 'Man, get that thing out of my face,' and the next thing (she) heard was a tremendous explosion, a point-blank shot to the face."
Witnesses said that after the shooting, Dunn left the parking lot in a "canter," Triplett said, "raising the shotgun in victory," while "there were pieces of John Johnson strewn about that parking area."
Smith and Bestpitch, meanwhile, had driven back to the site of the collision and finally dropped Dunn to the asphalt with their service revolvers, Triplett said, but not until the defendant left "a mountain of destruction" behind him in the early Elk Grove evening, according to the prosecutor.
9 Mar 2010
Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger today ordered state corrections officials to stop destroying the parole files of sex offenders and to move to make public as much of their contents as possible.
The move comes in the wake of outrage over the arrest in San Diego of a paroled sex offender whose file had been destroyed as part of a corrections department policy that called for such papers to be shredded one year after an offender is discharged from parole. It also follows The Bee's successful lawsuit to force corrections officials to turn over parole records kept for Phillip Garrido, the convicted rapist and kidnapper who is charged with abducting and raping 11-year-old Jaycee Lee Dugard in 1991.
"The current practice of not keeping information on sex offenders in California is unacceptable," said Schwarzenegger. "It is in the best interest of public safety to retain all information on these individuals and to make as much information as possible available and transparent. I have directed my Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to end this practice and immediately begin keeping all sex offender parolee files."
Corrections spokesman Oscar Hidalgo said that there are typically 9,000 sex offenders on parole on any given day and that those who are discharged had much of their parole files destroyed after one year. Pertinent information about violations or problems was sent to be kept in a central corrections file, he said, but the department now will cease shredding such parole files and retain them.
9 Mar 2010
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Jaime Ramos
The second person charged in the 2008 murder of an El Dorado County man is to be sentenced Monday.
Jaime Ramos, 22, pleaded guilty in July 2009 to first-degree murder of Garden Valley resident Ron Presba, but sentencing was delayed pending his testimony in the trial of his co-defendant, Presba's wife.
Patricia Ann Presba, 49, pleaded guilty to first degree murder in January. Last week, El Dorado Superior Court Judge James R. Wagoner sentenced her to 25 years to life in prison for the murder of her husband and life with possibility of parole for the attempted murder of Ramos. She also received a 10-year enhancement for use of a firearm.
According to prosecutors, Presba and Ramos were lovers.
Firefighters battling a wildland fire along Highway 193 near Kelsey found Ron Presba's body June 25, 2008, inside a charred sport-utility vehicle in a ravine.
A month later, Patricia Presba vanished from the couple's Garden Valley home.
A friend found the front door of the home open and covered in blood. More blood later was discovered inside the house, authorities said.
A day after Patricia Presba was reported missing, a Utah Motor Vehicle Enforcement officer was looking for stolen vehicles at a Salt Lake City motel and found a vehicle sought in connection with Patricia Presba's disappearance.
Investigators found her and Ramos inside the motel. When the two were arrested, Ramos had three gunshot wounds and Patricia Presba had stab wounds to her arms. Both were later extradited to El Dorado County.
Ramos is scheduled for sentencing at 10 a.m. Monday in El Dorado Superior Court in Placerville.
9 Mar 2010
A 47-year-old woman who died in a traffic accident earlier this while driving a golf cart in Sutter County was identified today by sheriff's officials.
The woman, Claudia Miller, a resident of the Robbins area in Sutter County, was hit Monday at the intersection of Del Monte Avenue and Highway 113. She died at the scene.
The California Highway Patrol said Miller, who was traveling east on Del Monte in the golf cart, failed to yield the intersection right-of-way to the driver of a pickup. The pickup was northbound on Highway 113 at about 55 mph.
The pickup's driver, Ruben Ramirez, Jr., 23, of Winters saw the golf cart only a second or two before impact, authorities say. He then tried to avoid the collision but struck the cart in the northbound lane of the highway.
A CHP press release said the golf cart was not licensed for highway use. It was not equipped with seat belts.
It is unclear if Miller stopped at the stop sign before attempting to cross Highway 113. Anyone who may have observed the golf cart prior to the collision is asked to call the Yuba-Sutter CHP office at (530) 674-5141.